INTRODUCTION A lathe machine is used for rotating a workpiece in order to perform sanding, cutting, drilling, knurling and turning operations on the workpiece. Lathes have been used on woodworking, metal parts and also on plastic nylon parts for a long time in the industry. So here we study the design and fabrication of a mini lathe machine. Our machine consists of a motor with belt arrangement used to drive the lathe chuck. The machine consists of a bed with a movable arrangement. It consists of a holder in order to hold the desired tool in desired position. We use a chuck attached to the spindle shaft in order to run the motor. Our motor once powered transmits this power to the spindle through a belt mechanism, which is then used to rotate the chuck. This rotates the workpeice in chuck. The machine is built to hold and rotate the workpeice and move the tool in a sliding mechanism, so as to achieve the desired operations.
The machine outer frame is designed to hold the workpeice firmly with tool in place so as to achieve desired operations with ease. Thus we successfully study the design and fabrication. Parts of Mini Lathe Machine 1.Motor DC motor is any of a class of rotary electrical machines that converts direct current electrical energy into mechanical energy. The most common types rely on the forces produced by magnetic fields. Nearly all types of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either electromechanical or electronic, to periodically change the direction of current flow in part of the motor . 2.chuck A chuck is a specialized type of clamp. It is used to hold an object with radial symmetry, especially a cylinder. In drills and mills it holds the rotating tool whereas in lathes it holds the rotating workpiece. On a lathe the chuck is mounted on the spindle which rotates within the headstock. For some purposes (such as drilling) an additional chuck may be mounted on the nonrotating tailstock. 3.Sliding Frame The sliding frame is an elliptical welding construction made from solid steel and specially developed as a silo discharge system for very difficult flowing bulk material . Through the back and forth movement of the sliding frame, the stored product is compulsively transported to one or more discharge screw conveyors. The sliding frame is moved back and forth by means of a hydraulic cylinder mounted outside the silo. The cylinder movement is activated by means of a compact hydraulic unit. 4.Bearing A bearing is a machine element that constrains relative motion to only the desired motion, and reduces friction between moving parts. The design of the bearing may, for example, provide for free linear movement of the moving part or for free rotation around a fixed axis; or, it may prevent a motion by controlling the vectors of normal forces that bear on the moving parts. Most bearings facilitate the desired motion by minimizing friction. Bearings are classified broadly according to the type of operation, the motions allowed, or to the directions of the loads (forces) applied to the parts. 5.Jaint/Screw A nut is a type of fastener with a threaded hole. Nuts are almost always used in conjunction with a mating bolt to fasten multiple parts together. The two partners are kept together by a combination of their threads’ friction (with slight elastic deformation), a slight stretching of the bolt, and compression of the parts to be held together. 6.Lathe Cutting Tool A tool bit is a non-rotary cutting tool used in metal lathes, shapers, and planers. Such cutters are also often referred to by the set-phrase name of single-point cutting tool, as distinguished from other cutting tools such as a saw or water jet cutter. The cutting edge is ground to suit a particular machining operation and may be resharpened or reshaped as needed. The ground tool bit is held rigidly by a tool holder while it is cutting. WORKING PRINCIPLE The lathe is a machine tool which holds the workpiece between two rigid and strong supports called centers or in a chuck or face plate which revolves. The cutting tool is rigidly held and supported in a tool post which is fed against the revolving work. The normal cutting operations are performed with the cutting tool fed either parallel or at right angles to the axis of the work. LATHE OPERATIONS The engine lathe is an accurate and versatile machine on which many operations can be performed. These operations are: 1. Plain Turning and Step Turning
2. Facing
3. Parting
4. Drilling
5. Reaming
6. Boring
7. Knurling
8. Grooving
9. Threading
10. Forming
11. Chamfering
12. Filling and Polishing
13. Taper Turning
